AP BIOLOGY (cont.)

11. Frond: An often large, finely divided leaf, esp. as applied to the ferns and certain palms. Below are pictures of a palm tree and fern.



12. Stigma: The part of a pistil that receives the pollen. Below are pictures of flowers' stigma.



13. Ectothermic: (sometimes confusingly known as "cold-blooded") refers to organisms that control body temperature through external means. As a result, organisms are dependent on environmental heat sources and have relatively low metabolic rates.



14. Gymnosperm cone: A group of spermatophyte seed-bearing plants with ovules on scales, which are usually arranged in cone-like structures.



15. Basidiomycete: Any of a group of fungi constituting the phylum Basidiomycota of the kingdom Fungi (or, in older classification schemes, the class Basidiomycetes of the kingdom Plantae), characterized by bearing the spores on a basidium, including the smuts, rust, mushrooms, and puffballs. Below are different types of mushrooms/shitake.



16. Homeostasis: The tendency of a system, esp. the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus tending to disturb its normal condition or function. Below is a picture of a small hamster and a large chinchilla.



17. Modified Leaf of a Plant: Below are pictures of a plant with different leaf colors due to the changing season and weather. The picture on the right has a plant with leaves of different thickness as well as colors.



18. Long Day Plant: Long-day plants are those that require a long period of exposure to light each day in order to produce flowers. Plants use environmental cues such as amount of light and temperatureto time their development to the season of the year. Lettuce and spinach both need a lot of sunlight to develop.



19. CAM plant: Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis , is an elaborate carbon fixation pathway in some plants. The CAM pathway allows the stomata to remain shut during the day; therefore it is especially common in plants adapted to arid conditions. A pineapple and jade plant are an examples because of their thick leaves and ability to adapt in arid conditions.



20. Endotherm: (In regards to animals) Endotherm is linked with a warm-blooded animal species is one whose members maintain thermal homeostasis. Birds (like the pictures below) in general maintain a thermal homeostasis.